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He of the Sedge and the Bee King of Upper and Lower Egypt |
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The Five Royal Names of Pharaoh
By the Middle Kingdom and the arrival of Dynasties XI and XII, the convention of conferring additional names to Pharaoh was becoming common. Upon accession to the throne, the king took up to four additional names on top of the name given at birth (for an example, see the bottom of the page):
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Horus Name Before Dynasty IV the king was usually known by the Horus Name, written inside a serekh panel with a falcon perched above. The first known instance of this usage occurs on the Narmer Palette. The Horus falcon was once usurped by the Seth animal (in the reign of Dynasty II King Sekhemib/Peribsen). In the following reign, both Horus and Seth appear above the serekh before things settled back down to the usual Horus falcon. |
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Nebti Name A nebti name was used by Hor-Aha of Dynasty I (although not as part of his royal titulary). The Two Ladies are the vulture goddess Nekhbet of Nekheb in Upper Egypt, and the cobra goddess Wadjet of Buto on Lower Egypt. The nebti name became a standard constituent of the royal titulary by Dynasty XII although King Den as early as Dynasty I had taken a nebti name. |
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Golden Horus This title has the Horus falcon perched upon the hieroglyph for "gold". There is some dispute as to the origin and exact meaning or symbolism. Gold itself was a symbol of divinity, being considered as "the skin of the gods". It could therefore be a title employed to emphasise the divinity of the king. |
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Throne Name "He of the Sedge and the Bee". There is some debate as to the exact symbolism behind this title, although it is commonly interpreted as meaning "King of Upper and Lower Egypt", symbolising the union of the Two Lands. This is also known as the PRENOMEN |
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Birth Name "Son of Ra". This is the birth name of the king, otherwise known as the NOMEN. |
The royal titulary of Tutankhamun
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Horus Name |
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ka-nakht tut-mesut |
Strong bull, fitting from created forms |
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Nebti Name |
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nefer-hepu segereh-tawy sehetep-netjeru nebu |
Dynamic of Laws, who calms the Two Lands, who propitiates all the gods |
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Golden Horus |
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wetjes-khau sehetep-netjeru |
Who displays the regalia, who propitiates the gods |
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Throne Name |
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nesw-bity Nebkheperure |
King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of Manifestations is Re |
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Birth Name |
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sa-re Tutankhamun heqa-iunnu-shema |
Son of Re, Living image of Amun, Ruler of Heliopolis |
